Síntomas depresivos y sobrecarga en los familiares cuidadores en la enfermedad de Alzheimer: Un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales

Introduction. The care of patients with Alzheimer’s disease increases the burden and depression of the main caregiver, although the relationship between the two is not clearly defined. Aims. To explore the factors associated with depressive symptomatology and burden in the main caregiver and to apply a model of structural equations to identify the relationship between them. Subjects and methods. The sample consisted of 127 family caregivers of people with Alzheimer’s disease, with a follow-up of 24 months. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to identify the characteristics of patients and caregivers associated with burden and depression of the main caregiver, and a model of structural equations was designed to analyse the relationship between the variables. Results. In the model of structural equations, the burden had a direct effect on depression, both in the baseline assessment and at 24 months. The variables associated with burden were: schooling and the lower mental health of the main caregiver; and the behavioral alterations and the functional dependency of the patient. The lower cognitive level of the patient and the lower mental health of the main caregiver were associated with depression. The correlation between burden and depression increased from baseline to two years (r = 0.470 vs. r = 0.613). Conclusions. The deterioration of the patient and caregiver burden are risk factors for depression in the main caregiver. Interventions would be necessary to reduce the burden and prevent related depression.